Reading projects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding tasks - Assignment Example She filled in as a guide to the White House on medical problems (Blumenthal 1). Her administration as the head of social medication renders her certified to compose on subjects of nourishment. She additionally served in the part of nourishing foundation of wellbeing in America. Her job as the head of the organizations renders her a recognized proficient to compose on the subject. She filled in as a clinical teacher at Georgetown medication school. Furthermore, she filled in as an approach and clinical expert at the amfAR. She is similarly qualified having filled in as chief of a wellbeing commission that directs the president and congress on basic choices identified with wellbeing and medication. The article was distributed in the U. S. at the Dartmouth College. The working together distributer is a senior seeking after a degree in Global Health. She is likewise an understudy at the New American Foundation situated in Washington. The target group of the article is the open that is influenced by the extraordinary open worry of stoutness. The creator plans to address the American open that faces the test inappropriate sustenance. Americans living in food abandons are conceivable focused on crowd of the article. They are the gathering confronting an incredible test of appropriate access to nutritious food. What's more, the article focuses on the low-pay workers that can't manage the cost of nutritious food to forestall the test of weight. Another crucial crowd of the article is the arrangement creators. The creator empowers satisfactory financing of projects planned for improving the free to legitimate sustenance including SNAP (Blumenthal 1). She similarly features the commitment of imperative laws, for example, the Farm Bill to address difficulties of ill-advised nourishment. Strategy creators and offices ordered to actualize applicable arrangements, along these lines, are focused on crowd of the article. The author’s reason recorded as a hard copy the article is to advise and instruct people in general on tending to the test of stoutness as a genuine wellbeing concern. As per

Inplant Training Report on Textile Industry free essay sample

There are 26 supported rouses of which 10 are undergrad software engineers. There are 11 self-financing developers out of which 3 are postgraduate software engineers. Progressively creative and work arranged courses go under self-financing software engineers. The understudy quality for the school is 2647 of which 2324 are the undergrad and 323 are postgraduate understudies. All the understudies hail from a similar area. There are out and out 142 school personnel. Thirteen of the staff are Ph. D. Holders, 83 are M. Phil. Holders and the rest with postgraduate qualifications.The number of regulatory staff including specialized staff is The unit cost of instruction for the supported courses is RSI. 7524/ - and for oneself, financing courses is RSI. 4478/ - . The transient arrangement of scholarly work is the semester framework. Area 2: Criterion-wise Analysis Criterion I: Curricular perspectives The Velar College was set up with an away from for strengthening of ladies, through assorted instructive developers. With this respectable crucial curricular/scholastic software engineers were created and executed through helped developers at first. We will compose a custom article test on Inplant Training Report on Textile Industry or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Later on self-fund courses are likewise being offered by the school. Albeit assorted software engineers and framework offices are being given, the administration needs to center n developers with social and financial significance to address the difficulties and present needs of the general public. The College has Science, Arts and Commerce Faculties and all the scholastic developers are guided by the University regarding schedules, assessments and assessment, which leave little degree for imaginative software engineers to be offered by the school. It is huge to take note of that school has put forth attempts to present some occupation situated seminars on self-financing premise, for example, Bio-Chemistry, Computer Science, Computer Applications, Food Nutrition, Co-activity, Corporate Secretariats, Finance Control and Business Management. The curricular choices are more scholarly arranged than vocation situated. There are center courses and non-center alternatives. There are establishment courses for making general mindfulness and application arranged courses.If there are a few seminars on business enterprise the executives remembered for the curricular choices, an alumni will be in a superior situation to produce work for herself as well as other people. At present the school doesn't have any component to get input from scholarly companions, understudies and businesses on the educational program followed by the school. There is a critical need to develop an instrument to figure inventive software engineers and adjust existing developer to suit the financial condition Of the locale. The business institutional collaboration might be investigated to improve the nature of the scholarly software engineers. As a ladies school, there is a need to start a Center for ladies contemplates, which will improve the extension for presenting progressively inventive and important courses in the educational program. Perceived research guides for M. Phil. As well as Ph. D. Research researchers are accessible ever, English, Botany and Commerce offices. Experts courses ever, English, Commerce, Food Nutrition, Finance Control ND Computer Applications are offered.Master of Finance Control has massive extension for work openings. A portion of these expert courses should be fortified by including rehearsing experts to associate with the understudies all the time. It might be noticed that in the scholastic assessment of the supported universities embraced by the Directorate of Collegiate Education, Government of Tamil Nadia, in 1998-99. Velar College for Women positioned 28th among the 141 universities for college classes and 1 seventh among 117 schools running postgraduate courses. Standard II: Teaching-learning and EvaluationTeaching, Learning and Evaluation comprise the essence of the nature of instructive administrations. In a compelling arrangement of instruction, suitable information sources should be given to get the alluring yield. To do this the establishment should be in a situation to pass judgment on the understudies information and offer the healing courses to get them arranged for that course. It is attractive, hence, to distinguish more fragile understudies directly toward the start of the scholarly meeting, following the admission to the main year, and offer therapeutic courses.The encouraging procedure received by a couple of educators is admirable. While a couple of cheers have received inventive and more up to date strategies for instructing, many need to switch over to an increasingly productive strategy of educating. The school should make accessible most recent instructive innovation and energize the staff and understudies to utilize such guides all the more as often as possible. The College is very solid on co-curricular exercises. Understudies partake in social exercises. A few understudies are capable in Physical exercises like Karate, aerobatic and sports. School supports sports exercises of the students.Some of the understudies of the school, previously, were individuals from the college group and took an interest at the national level games meets. Most essential accomplishment of the understudies of the school is the investment of two NC cadets in the Republic Day Parade at New Delhi. One of the young ladies has additionally taken an interest in a mountaineering undertaking at Trashiest in the Grammar Himalayas. A few understudies effectively participate in bury university discusses, tests and different rivalries. The assessment is led by the University toward the finish of the semester. In any case, the school ought to urge educators to embrace an imaginative and creative assessment procedure to distinguish the degree of information retention by the understudies with the goal that therapeutic measures can be started. Instructor enrollment is finished by the principles and methods set somewhere around the legislature. The choice of instructors is done through composed tests, showing addresses in a homeroom followed by a meeting. The way toward naming educators in the Self-financing offices should be evaluated and increasingly thorough strategy could be adopted.Faculty advancement software engineers ought to be started by the school with a multi-pronged methodology, comprising of, transient developers organized in the school in various divisions by welcoming specialists and visitor personnel from national level instructing and research establishments. Workforce ought to be energized and furthermore be given money related help to go to Faculty advancement t software en gineers. The understudies assessment of instructors might be additionally fortified at both undergrad and postgraduate levels. It is additionally profoundly basic to screen the showing rehearses by an all around planned strategy and prize great and inventive teachers.There are instructors with acceptable scholastic and research yield in certain branches of Velar College for Women, just their clan should increment. School doesn't have any national or universal level linkages and tie-ups for research or instructing. There is a pressing requirement for the school to search up for such linkages for its own turn of events. Measure Ill: Research, Consultancy and Extension Velar College has not very many educators associated with dynamic research. Since the school is as yet creating postgraduate divisions, the examination yield and the exploration culture is yet to be enhanced.The Department of Physics, Commerce, History and English have secured awards from ICC towards minor research venture Although the staff has the opportunity to distribute their exploration in scholarly discussion, just barely any employees had the option to profit of this chance. As of now explore developers are being led distinctly in mother award in help offices. Personnel, right now, are not doing any individual or institutional consultancy work in spite of the fact that there is a great deal Of degree for Some of the departmental staff to take up consultancy work.Industry-institutional interface will advance research and consultancy tasks. It is urging to take note of that the school has attempted various expansion exercises like INS, Surgical, Youth Red Cross and NC to advance network administrations. Workforce and understudies have partaken in outreach developers like clinical camp, tree manor, blood gift camps and embracing shelters. A portion of the augmentation exercises are executed as a team with Nags and GOES, for example, Penchant, Government Hospital, Department of Forestry, etc.Tindal and Congressionally are received by INS where they built bus station cover for the residents, white washing and painting the school and remodeling water tank and development of stage for school. They have directed mindfulness software engineer on Yoga in day by day life, Nature the premise of life, Empowerment of ladies, Irrigations ventures, Rain reaping Integrated yield Management, Vermin-culture, Bio-composts significance of Natural manures. Job of ladies in farming, agro-based enterprises, wellbeing and sustenance and destruction of anemia.The College ought to sort out more effort software engineers in the regions of grown-up training, annihilation of kid work and general wellbeing. Increasingly clinical camps in encompassing towns will support destitute individuals. Independent work openings and enterprise improvement among country ladies is one zone where the school could concentrate on. Legitimate mindfulness software engineers ought to be directed for ladies in the neighboring regions. Standard IV: Infrastructure and Learning Resources The grounds is spread more than 38. 29 sections of land lodging Velar College for Women, n Engineering College and a Higher Secondary School including inns and playgrounds.It has sufficient worked in space for the study halls, labs, PC research facilities and authoritative workplaces. The framework incorporates open all around ventilated homerooms, staff rooms, library, lodgings, gathering room, bank, non-inhabitant understudy focus, flask, vehicle leaving shed, games room, play fields, NC

Funding your education at SIPA part 4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Funding your education at SIPA part 4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Student Loans About 40% of SIPA students use student loans as part of their financing strategy, and there are a number of options available to them.   Most borrow fixed rate loans from the federal government, which offer flexible repayment options.   Most federal loans are not credit-based, but have annual limits to the amount that can be borrowed; the Graduate PLUS loan is the exception to both of these rules.   But other credit-based loans are available from private lenders, some of which may be available to international students so long as they have a US citizen who can co-sign the loan for them. For students who are US citizens, permanent resident aliens, or political refugees, the federal government makes a number of loan programs available that students can use, if necessary, to fund the full cost of their education, including living expenses.   In order to be considered for any loan from the federal government, a student must complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA.   There are three different federal loan programs available to graduate students.   They are:  The Unsubsidized Federal Direct Loan (a/k/a Stafford Loan); currently at 6.8% interest, which accumulates during enrollment (hence “unsubsidized”, Congress eliminated the interest subsidy to graduate students starting 7/1/12).   While you are enrolled, you will have the option of paying your interest (less expensive long-term option) or capitalizing the interest (adding it to the principal).   Unsubsidized Direct Loans are available for up to $20,500 per academic year.   Visit www.studentloans.gov for more information.  The Federal Graduate PLUS Loan; currently at 7.9% interest, and like the Unsubsidized Direct Loans, interest will be accumulating during your enrollment.   The Graduate PLUS Loan can cover the full difference between your total cost of attendance (which includes tuition, fees, books) minus other aid or loans received, but unlike other student loans available from the federal government, the Graduate PLUS loan is credit based.   For more information, visit studentloans.gov or click here.  The Federal Perkins Loan; offered at 5% interest, which is fully deferred while you are enrolled.   Perkins Loans are only available to a limited number of students, based on financial need.   Annual loan amounts typically range between $2,000 and $6,000; for more information, click here. There are also loans available from private lenders.   Private loans do not require completion of the FAFSA, and some are available to international students who have a US citizen who can co-sign the loan form them (click here for some loans available to international students).   Most private loans do not have strict annual limits and can be borrowed for the full cost of attendance minus other aid.   At this time, interest rates tend to be lower than those of federal loans, but federal loan interest rates are fixed, and private loans (which are much less regulated) are variable.   Private loans also tend to offer borrowers less flexibility and fewer features during repayment than federal loans.   All students are free to select their own loan products and lenders, but due to repayment flexibility and the certainty of fixed interest rates, most SIPA students have opted to use federal loans. In a future blog post, we will discuss student loan repayment; there are many repayment options available for federal loans that can make your student loans manageable, even one that could forgive some of your indebtedness.

Educational Implications for Heideggers Views On Poetry...

Educational Implications for Heideggers Views On Poetry And Thinking ABSTRACT: I discuss some of the educational implications emerging from Heideggers views on poetry, thinking, and language. Specifically, Heideggers views on the neighborhood between poetry and thinking suggest that most accepted methods of teaching poetry are in error, because they ignore this neighboring relation. The importance of this relation is presented and clarified. I then discuss the implications of Heideggers view for teaching poetry. Heideggers series of three lectures, later published as The Nature of Language has some very significant implications for education. (1) In this paper I focus on the second lecture. In opening his second lecture,†¦show more content†¦Thinking about language means entering a region where method does not reign. It means following a specific path in that region. But in thinking about the nature of language we encounter specific problems. When we speak of the nature of language, we are already using language to discuss its nature. Further more, we are already acquainted with the nature of language as people who use it, even if we cannot clearly articulate and define this nature. In short, we are entangled in a lagging behind the topic of our inquiry. There is a way out of our predicament. If we look around the region of thought, without taking the entanglement lightly, we will note that what Heidegger calls the country of thinking is open in all directions to the neighborhood of poetry. Thus, today, when scientific method tends to suffocate thinking, we can return to thinking through reading and listening to poetry. To be specific, the fact that the country of thinking is open in all directions to the neighborhood of poetry, can often help a person follow those paths of thinking that concern him or her. How? Quite often if you read and listen to great poetry -- with an openness to the language and to the thoughts and experiences expressed in the poem, and with a comportment to think about what you heard, with care for the world, and

Human Resources Management†Case Study - 1421 Words

Human Resources Management– Case Study Human resource management refers to a series of human resources policies and the corresponding management activities. These activities include corporate human resources strategy, employee recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, compensation management, staff flow management, employee relationship management, employee safety and health management, etc. Namely: enterprise modern management method, is used to obtain (candidate), human resource development (education), maintain (retention) and using the () of choose and employ persons to plan, organize, command, control and coordination and a series of activities, achieve finally realize enterprise development goals†¦show more content†¦Using incentive theory and method, the various needs of different levels of satisfaction, or limit, cause employee s psychological condition change, to motivate employees to the enterprise the desired objective. (7) Training and development. Through training to improve individual, group and the whole enterprise s knowledge, ability, work attitude and work performance, to further develop the intellectual potential of employees, in order to enhance the contribution rate of human resources. (8) Career planning. Encourage and care staff personal development to help staff to develop personal development planning, to further stimulate staff s enthusiasm and creativity. (9). Cooperate with finance department, the establishment of human resource accounting system, to carry out the human resources cost of investment and output efficiency of accounting work, provide the basis for human resource management and decision-making. (10) Labor relationship management. To coordinate and improve labor relations between the enterprise and the staff, for enterprise culture construction, build harmonious labor relationship and a good work atmosphere, guarantee normal conduct of business activities. Upon the contents of Human Resource Management learning, I did some case analysis especially for the performance evaluation part. Li is the head of a company s production department, the department has more than 20 employees, and among them there are both production personnelShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Human Resource Management1606 Words   |  7 Pagesfacing significant challenges with negative cash flows and a high turnover of staff despite implementing an â€Å"All Star† human resource management (HRM) change in September 2010. Twyla Thompson, the VP of spa operations and the other business executives must revisit this concept so they can attempt to stem the cash flow and staff turnover problems. This essay will analyse the case study provided from Harvard Business on ARISE and explore and recommend potential HRM options for Thompson and the businessRead MoreCase Study : Human Resource Management1446 Words   |  6 PagesSUMMARY: Human Resource Management is one of the most important management tool in developing strategy s and gaining comparative advantage (Bearmont1992) .In multinational company`s HRM is a key to success.This case study is to analyze the problems faced by MR Quin CEO of Australian medium sized mining company.Exploring problems such as ,Human Resource Management ,recruitment, selection ,reward, retention culture, selection and communication.This case study analyses the Human Resource as the coreRead MoreHuman Resource Management Case Study833 Words   |  4 Pages ! ~ , , . I University Examinations 2011/2012 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION HCEB 602: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TIME: 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE (COMPULSORy) AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS QUESTION ONE :CASE STUDY As a new member of the Board of Directors for a local bank, Jack Nelson was being introduced to all the employees in the home office. When he was introduced to Ruth Johnson,Read MoreHuman Resource Management: A Case Study618 Words   |  3 PagesThe principle factor that is causing the majority of the problems in the banks home office and its respective branches is a surplus of autonomy. After reading Jack Nelsons bank study, it is apparent that the centralized authority within this organization (as represented by its home office) needs to be strengthened. 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Metaphysical Language Does it have any Meaning Free Essays

When we speak of something as metaphysical, we speak of something that is usually characterized as supernatural or something that is not perceptible by our senses.   When we talk about the things that our minds’ eyes see and not the things that our physical eyes see, we are talking in the language that is metaphysical. This is one of the things that the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein looks into in his book Tractatus Logico Philosophicus. We will write a custom essay sample on Metaphysical Language: Does it have any Meaning? or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Wittgenstein argues that metaphysical language does not have any meaning.   They are as good as words that do not signify anything.   He even contends that the metaphysical statements should not be said: The right method in philosophy would be this. To say nothing except what can be said, i.e. ,the propositions of natural science, i.e. something that has nothing to do with philosophy: and then always, when someone else wished to say something metaphysical, to demonstrate to him that he had given a meaning to certain signs in his propositions. This method would not be satisfying to the other –he would not have the feeling that we were teaching him philosophy—but it would be the only strictly correct method. †¦ Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent. (Wittgenstein, 6.53-7) This does not mean that metaphysical propositions are all automatically false.   What Wittgenstein means is that it is beyond the realm of logic for us to understand metaphysical language.   This is not because they are profound or beyond our reality or beyond our senses but because, for Wittgenstein, they have no sense. To illuminate, let us take for example this scenario.   I saw a huge Blue Heron flying in front of me and the next day, my neighbor won the lottery.   Another day, I saw a Blue Heron again and two days after that, an accident happened in front of my house.   Now, I see a Blue Heron the third time and I conclude that the Blue Heron is a sign of something will happen.   Nobody knows what will happen but I am sure that the sign means that something will happen because I see it in my mind’s eyes, my soul.   My metaphysical statement is that the Blue Heron is a sign that things will happen.   It is like saying that when we see a black cat, bad things will happen to us. For Wittgenstein, it does not have any sense to say that a situation is a result of my perception of a Blue Heron or a bad luck is the result of my seeing a black cat.   He says that sentences like these work like a picture.   Since it is very difficult to explain, let me explain it through an example.   A map of the United States, for example, is a picture that points to the land of the United States.   The map shows that New York is more or less in the Eastern side of the map and Washington is in the Western side of the map. If we are in the Central part of the United States and we want to go to Seattle, we will fly eastward.   We will not fly westward because the map which pictures for us the location of Seattle tells us that Seattle lies east of the United States.   Ã‚  This is what Wittgenstein means when he says that â€Å"there must be something identical in a picture and what it depicts† (Wittgenstein 2.161).   The map mimics the way reality is structured.   It mimics the way the real locations in the US are placed beside each other. Language works like a picture.   It tells us what the situation is.   Wittgenstein says, â€Å"We picture facts to ourselves† (2.1).   For him, the meaning of a statement is whatever it pictures.   The meaning of the statement tells the situation of the world but like the picture, it can not tell us if it is actually true of false.   When we make a statement for example and we feel that it is meaningful, what the sentence is doing is that it is just pointing to a possible situation in the reality but it may be true or false. When we say, for example that a Blue Heron causes things to happen like it is the cause of our neighbor’s winning in the lottery or accident, the statement’s meaning pictures to us situations that can be true but we cannot be really sure because there is nothing in the sentence that makes it true.   Wittgenstein says, â€Å"In order to tell whether a picture is true or false we must compare it with reality† (Wittgenstein, 2.223). If we apply this with the statement, â€Å"The Blue Heron causes things to happen, things like winning a lottery or being the cause of people’s car accident†.   A Blue Heron is a big bird that lazes around the shallow part of water.   By definition, it has wings.   It can fly.   It has a beak, it can catch fish.   It can walk for a few steps.   It can swim.   These are the capabilities of a Blue Heron.   In reality, nothing in its definition or physical make-up can tell us that it can make a man win a lottery or be in a car accident. So the statement that â€Å"The Blue Heron causes things to happen, things like winning a lottery or being the cause of people’s car accident† does not have any sense.   As Wittgenstein says, â€Å"There is no compulsion making on thing happen because another has happened.   The only necessity that exists is logical necessity† (Wittegenstein 6.37).   We can understand the statement but it is nonsensical if we analyze it following Wittgenstein. In the same way, Wittgenstein would say that it does not have any sense to talk about a ‘soul’ or ‘a good life’.   We do not know what a soul is.   Nobody has seen a soul.   Nobody has reported that he or she sees a soul getting out of the body of a person who has just died.   We cannot find a correspondence for the world ‘soul’ in reality.   We have a sign for soul but we do not have a referent for the sign. When somebody dies and we say that he/she has lived a ‘good life’, it is also nonsensical.   What is a good life to one is not automatically the good life to another.   There is no single referent for what the sign ‘good life’.   It is also nonsensical when people at the funeral say about the dead person that lives were changed because of him.   Again, value statements like these are subjective and are not verifiable.   How can this statement be analyzed if there nothing that can be the referent for the sign.   The referent has died.   For Wittgenstein says, â€Å"The world of the happy man is a different one from that of the unhappy man. . .   Soo too at death the world does not alter, but comes to an end† (Wittgenstein 6.43-6.431).       How to cite Metaphysical Language: Does it have any Meaning?, Essay examples

Literature Search Essay Example Essay Example

Literature Search Essay Example Paper Literature Search Essay Introduction Grap, Mary. ,Munro, Cindy. , Hummel, Russel. , Jessica. , Elswick, and Sessler Curtis. 2005. Effect of Backrest Elevation on the Development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. AACN. Retrieved from ajcc. aacnjournals. org on March 3, 2012. Abstract †¢ Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication of mechanical ventilation. Backrest position and time spent supine are critical risk factors for aspiration, increasing the risk for pneumonia. Empirical evidence of the effect of backrest positions on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, especially during mechanical ventilation over time, is limited. Objective To describe the relationship between backrest elevation and development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. †¢ Methods : It is a nonexperimental, longitudinal, descriptive design was used. The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was used to determine ventilator-associated pneumonia. Backrest elevation was measured continuously with a transdu cer system. Data were obtained from laboratory results and medical records from the start of mechanical ventilation up to 7 days. †¢ Results Sixty-six subjects were monitored (276 patient days). Mean backrest elevation for the entire study period was 21. 7 °. Backrest elevations were less than 30 ° 72% of the time and less than 10 ° 39% of the time. The mean Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score increased but not significantly, and backrest elevation had no direct effect on mean scores. A model for predicting the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score at day 4 included baseline score, percentage of time spent at less than 30 ° on study day 1, and score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, explaining 81% of the variability (F=7. 1, P=. 003). Literature Search 3 †¢ Conclusions Subjects spent the majority of the time at backrest elevations less than 30 °. Only the combination of early, low backrest elevation and severity of illness affected the inciden ce of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Amelia Ross. (2006). The impact of an evidence-based practice education program on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Retrieved from, www. elsevierhealth. com/journals/iccn. on March 2, 2012. Literature Search Essay Body Paragraphs Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite strong evidence in the literature on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), nurses continue to view oral care as a comfort measure with low priority and utilize foam swabs rather than toothbrushes. Although an evidence-based oral care protocol existed and best-practice oral care tools were available, the VAP rates had not significantly decreased even though nurses reported providing oral care. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine if an evidence-based practice (EBP) educational program would improve the quality of oral care delivered to mechanically ventilated patients; thereby, reducing the VAP rate. RESULTS: Improvement in oral health was demonstrated by a decrease in median scores on the Oral Assessment Guide (pre (11. 0), post (9. 0)). A t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p=0. 0002). The frequency of oral care documentation also improved as demonstrated by a positive shift to the more frequent timeframes. The VAP rates have decreased by 50% following the EBP education Literature Search 4 ntervention. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an EBP educational program focused on patient outcome rather than a task to be performed improved the quality of oral care delivered by the nursing staff. Carolyn L. , Cason, Tracy, Tyner. , Sue, Saunders, Lisa, Broom. , 2007. Nurses Implementation of Guidelines for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AACN. Retrieved from ajcc. aacnjournals. org on March 1, 2012. Abstract †¢ Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia accounts for 47% of infections in patients in intensive care units. Adherence to the best nursing practices recommended in the 2003 guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. †¢ Objective To evaluate the extent to which nurses working in intensive care units implement best practices when managing adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation. †¢ Methods Nurses attending education seminars in the United States completed a 29-item questionnaire about the type and frequency of care provided. †¢ Results Twelve hundred nurses completed the questionnaire. Most (82%) reported compliance with hand-washing guidelines, 75% reported wearing gloves, half reported elevating the head of the bed, a third reported performing subglottic suctioning, and half reported having an oral care protocol in their hospital. Nurses in hospitals with an oral care protocol reported better compliance with hand washing and maintaining head-of-bed elevation, were more likely to regularly provide oral care, and were more familiar with rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the organisms involved than were nurses working in hospitals without such protocols. Literature Search5 †¢ Conclusions The guideline s for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are not consistently or uniformly implemented. Practices of nurses employed in hospitals with oral care protocols are more often congruent with the guidelines than are practices of nurses employed in hospitals without such protocols. Significant reductions in rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia may be achieved by broader implementation of oral care protocols. Grap, Mary. ,Munro, Cindy. , Hummel, Russel. , Jessica. Elswick, and Sessler Curtis. 2005. Effect of Backrest Elevation on the Development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. AACN. Retrieved from ajcc. aacnjournals. org on March 3, 2012. Abstract †¢ Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication of mechanical ventilation. Backrest position and time spent supine are critical risk factors for aspiration, increasing the risk for pneumonia. Empirical evidence of the effect of backrest positions on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, especially during mechanical ventilation over time, is limited. Objective To describe the relationship between backrest elevation and development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. †¢ Methods : It is a nonexperimental, longitudinal, descriptive design was used. The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was used to determine ventilator-associated pneumonia. Backrest elevation was measured continuously with a transducer system. Data were obtained from laboratory results and medical records from the start of mechanical ventilation up to 7 days. †¢ Results Sixty-six subjects were monitored (276 patient days). Mean backrest elevation for the entire study period was 21. 7 °. Backrest elevations were less than 30 ° 72% of the time and less than 10 ° 39% of the time. The mean Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score increased but not significantly, and backrest elevation had no direct effect on mean scores. A model for predicting the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score at day 4 included baseline score, percentage of time spent at less than 30 ° on study day 1, and score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, explaining 81% of the variability (F=7. 1, P=. 003). Literature Search 3 †¢ Conclusions Subjects spent the majority of the time at backrest elevations less than 30 °. Only the combination of early, low backrest elevation and severity of illness affected the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Amelia Ross. (2006). The impact of an evidence-based practice education program on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Retrieved from, www. elsevierhealth. com/journals/iccn. on March 2, 2012. Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite strong evidence in the literature on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), nurses continue to view oral care as a comfort measure with low priority and utilize foam swabs rather than toothbrushes. Although an evidence-based oral care protocol existed and best-practice oral care tools were available, the VAP rates had not significantly decreased even though nurses reported providing oral care. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine if an evidence-based practice (EBP) educational program would improve the quality of oral care delivered to mechanically ventilated patients; thereby, reducing the VAP rate. RESULTS: Improvement in oral health was demonstrated by a decrease in median scores on the Oral Assessment Guide (pre (11. 0), post (9. 0)). A t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p=0. 0002). The frequency of oral care documentation also improved as demonstrated by a positive shift to the more frequent timeframes. The VAP rates have decreased by 50% following the EBP education Literature Search 4 ntervention. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an EBP educational program focused on patient outcome rather than a task to be performed improved the quality of oral care delivered by the nursing staff. Carolyn L. , Cason, Tracy, Tyner. , Sue, Saunders, Lisa, Broom. , 2007. Nurses Implementation of Guidelines for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. AACN. Retrieved from ajcc. aacnjournals. org on March 1, 2012. Abstract †¢ Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia accounts for 47% of infections in patients in intensive care units. Adherence to the best nursing practices recommended in the 2003 guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. †¢ Objective To evaluate the extent to which nurses working in intensive care units implement best practices when managing adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation. †¢ Methods Nurses attending education seminars in the United States completed a 29-item questionnaire about the type and frequency of care provided. †¢ Results Twelve hundred nurses completed the questionnaire. Most (82%) reported compliance with hand-washing guidelines, 75% reported wearing gloves, half reported elevating the head of the bed, a third reported performing subglottic suctioning, and half reported having an oral care protocol in their hospital. Nurses in hospitals with an oral care protocol reported better compliance with hand washing and maintaining head-of-bed elevation, were more likely to regularly provide oral care, and were more familiar with rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the organisms involved than were nurses working in hospitals without such protocols. Literature Search5 †¢ Conclusions The guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are not consistently or uniformly implemented. Practices of nurses employed in hospitals with oral care protocols are more often congruent wit h the guidelines than are practices of nurses employed in hospitals without such protocols. 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